The Science of Life

This is an entry in the Basic Statistics Lecture Series which I have realized that I have failed to incorporate into the series so far, and I apologize for that.  This lecture is going to cover the basic calculations required for all of statistical analysis, on a fundamental level. When we collect statistical data, we typically collect it on a small part of the population as a whole.  The population is the entire group for which a sentiment holds true.  This small part of the population as a whole is called the sample of the population, or just sample for short.  The number of data points we collect -- the number of items in the sample -- is called the sample size, which is typically denoted by the letter n. In statistics, we typically calculate the arithmetic mean, which is the sum of all values divided by the sample size.  For the population as a whole, this is denoted by the greek letter μ (mu), and for a sample, it's denoted by x . The sample mean ...

As promised last time , this lecture introduces the concept of Probability Theory.  This is necessary to all statistical calculation.  After all, statistical analysis depends on the concept of probability in order to get to the statistics, especially when we start dealing with regression analysis and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The concept of probability deals with Venn diagrams.  For those of you who don't know, Venn diagrams are those diagrams which lets us easily represent which elements two (or more) sets have in common and which elements they don't have in common. Seems about right. So yes, they can be used to analyze costs.  And the intersection of physical systems.  In fact, they can be utilized to analyze almost any type of system.  I'm currently using venn diagrams to analyze known conspiracies  such as the Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment ,  the NSA spying scandal , and the governments' poisoning of the alcohol supply during...

As I have mentioned last time , the uniform continuous distribution is not the only form of continuous distribution in statistics.  As promised, here are the three most common continuous distribution types.  As a side note, all sampling distributions are relative to the algebraic mean. Normal Distribution: I think most people are familiar with the concept of a normal distribution.  If you've ever seen a bell curve, you've seen the normal distribution.  If you've begun from the first lecture of this lecture series, you've also seen the normal distribution. This type of distribution is where the data points follow a continuous curve, is non-uniform, has a mean (algebraic average) equal to the median (the exact middle value), falls from highest probability at the mean to (for all practical purposes) zero as the x-values approach $\pm \infty$, and therefor has equal number of data points to the left and to the right of the mean, and has the domain...

Probability is the foundation of everything we do in Statistics.  There are two types of probability: discrete and continuous.  Discrete probability is when there are distinct probabilities for different values (represented by bars), while continuous probability is where the probabilities change smoothly with the value (represented by a smooth curve).  This is better described by images.  These are two types of probability models and are therefor treated different. Discrete Probabilities of Dice Rolls. Continuous Probability Distribution of Pounds of Waste Produced. We have what is called Probability Models.  Probability models have a sample space (denoted by an S).  Probabilities are assigned to sample points in sample space.  For the continuous Standard Normal Distribution, the x axis is the sample point and the y axis (denoted P(E)) is the probability axis.  In the graphs above, the values we want to get a probability for is on th...

Hello, and welcome to the Organic Chemistry lecture series by The Science of Life.  Today, I’ll be covering some basic definitions which will be necessary for the rest of the course. To begin, what is Organic chemistry?  To put it simply, it is the chemistry of the compounds which contain carbon.  There are some definitions which exclude the most oxidized of these compounds, such as CFC’s in old school aerosols, Teflon, and carbon dioxide, but for the purposes of this course, these severely oxidized compounds of carbon will not be considered, so for all practical purposes in this course, these two definitions incorporate the same set of compounds covered in this course. Everything in this course, though, falls under the definition of the word chemical, which are substances which, in their pure form, contain the atomic nucleus of one or more element.  This means everything from glucose to fructose, from vitamin C to cyanide, from proteins to aluminum fall un...

We in the modern world depend on the scientific field of chemistry, whether we like it or not.  Yes, there are controversial aspects, such as pesticides and herbicides , use of fossil fuels , preservatives , and the like; but there have also been relatively non-controversial chemicals which have not seen such scrutiny, such as the plates for solar panels , ozonation of water , soaps of all varieties , and the like.  They are what makes our modern world possible, for good or for bad, for better or for worse. Look at all of those damn chemicals! In the past few years, the word chemical has been hi-jacked by those who seem to mean well, but who are off the mark due to their poor understanding of the topics of which they speak.  These people want to see people be equipped with the knowledge required to lead healthy life-styles, but need themselves to have an understanding better than their initial emotional response. To be fair, he thought that baby was kidna...

These are the sources of information and video content for the Meat-Cancer link video, found here . The World Health Organization Science Press Release: "Carcinogenicity of consumption of red and processed meat"; published online on October 26th 2015 http://www.thelancet.com/journals/lanonc/article/PIIS1470-2045%2815%2900444-1/fulltext They wish you to register before they provide the article for free, and it is a good idea to do so. Big Beef is bigger than Big Poultry.  Here's the proof: http://www.ers.usda.gov/publications/ldpm-livestock,-dairy,-and-poultry-outlook/ldp-m-256.aspx The happy cows video can be found here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=onWzeDElz6w The Minecraft cow can be found here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rUSByiRUgE4 The Bull taking a dump can be found here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xwbxlSnKE9U Gameplay of DOTA 2 found here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=iphorNRO_Go The 18% Video can be found here: https://www.youtu...

Here are the sources for my video The Basics of Chemistry . Definition: Chemistry, Matter, Atom, and Molecule. Chemistry: The Central Science (11th Edition) 11th edition; Theodore L. Brown, H. Eugene LeMay Jr., Bruce E. Bursten, Catherine J. Murphey, and Partick Woodward; ISBN-13: 978-0-13-600617-6, ISBN-10: 0-13-600617-5; p. 6 Definition: Chemistry http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=chemistry Definition: Matter http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=matter&sub=Search+WordNet&o2=&o0=1&o7=&o5=&o1=1&o6=&o4=&o3=&h=000, third noun definition Definition: Atom http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=atom&sub=Search+WordNet&o2=&o0=1&o7=&o5=&o1=1&o6=&o4=&o3=&h=0000000 Definition: Molecule http://wordnetweb.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=Molecule&sub=Search+WordNet&o2=&o0=1&o7=&o5=&o1=1&o6=&o4=&o3=&h=00 Definition: Organic Chemistry Chemistr...