The Science of Life

These are the sources for my video " The Science of the News: Vaccines and Autism ". 1998 Paper Connecting Vaccines and Autism: " Ileal-Lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children "; Wakefield, A.J. et. al.; 28FEB1998; The Lancet; Vol 351; p. 637-641; doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(97)11096-0 1998 BBC Report: "Child vaccine linked to autism" The Independent report " Doctors link autism to MMR vaccination " Denmark MMR-Autism Link Study: " A Population-Based Study of Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccination and Autism "; Madsen, K.M. Hviid, A. Vestergaard, M. Schendel, D. Wohlfahrt, J. Thorsen, P. Olsen, J. Melbye, M.; New England Journal of Medicine; vol. 348; 11/07/2002; 1477-1482 Scientific Reports in Direct Response to the 1998 Paper: " Association of Autistic Spectrum Disorder and the Measles, Mumps, and Rubella Vaccine "; Kumanan Wilson, MD, MSc, FRCP(C);...

The Full on definitions of the word theory from the five texts referenced in my Theories video.  The citations are in the format ("Title"; Principle Author (there may or may not be secondary authors); ISBN; page number referenced; which UNLV course the book is for).   See the video here . These books may be obtained through any public library or digitally through your  favorite  means of obtaining digital copies of books. (“Biology: A Guide to the Natural World Fifth Edition”; David Krogh; 978-0-321-61655-5; p. 6; for UNLV's course BIOL 189 - Fundamentals of Life Sciences) It is unfortunate but true that the word theory means one thing in everyday speech and something almost completely different in scientific communication. In everyday speech, a theory can be little more than a hunch. It is an unproven idea that may or may not have any supportive evidence. In science, meanwhile, a theory is a general set of principles, supported by evidence, that expla...

In every physical science, we rely heavily on mathematical models to accomplish further scientific research.  (Yes, even you biologists and organic chemists; you just have the mathematical models hidden.)  Mathematical models are the key to all scientific research.  (And for those reading this from outside of the United States, I will use the word "sciences" in place of the term "physical sciences" from here on out; be prepared for that.) This brings up a key question; what exactly is a mathematical model? It would be good to have an equation fall under a mathematical model.  This can be the case, but more often than not, one equation is insufficient.  It also doesn't have to contain equations; there can also be inequalities, where a value is either less than or greater than a certain quantity. Mathematical models are descriptions of a system with mathematical language , which can be one or many equations or inequalities.  This is more of a...